programming errors

A NumberFormatException is produced in Java when you try to convert a string to a numeric type (such as int, double, float, etc.) but the string's format is incompatible with the required format for that numeric type. This is common when using parsing techniques such as Integer.parseInt(), Double.parseDouble(), or Float.parseFloat().

An ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException is a runtime exception in Java that happens when you attempt to access an array element with an index that is outside the array's valid range of indices. In other words, you're attempting to access an element in the array at an index that doesn't exist.

In Java, the ArithmeticException is a subclass of the RuntimeException class. It is thrown when an arithmetic operation fails or produces an incorrect result. One of the most common causes of an ArithmeticException is attempting to divide by zero.

The java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException is an exception class in Java that is thrown when an index used to access an array, list, or other collection is either negative or greater than or equal to the size of the collection. This usually indicates an attempt to access an element at an invalid index that does not exist in the collection.